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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- These data on hourly compensation costs for production workers in component manufacturing industries are unpublished BLS data. Nevertheless, we make these data available here, and there are no restrictions on their use. In general, the limitations associated with the component industry data are greater than the limitations associated with the total manufacturing data. Users are advised to read the Appendix and footnotes to the tables. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNPUBLISHED DATA ----------------
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS
40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
31 COUNTRIES OR AREAS, 1975 AND 1985-95
GENERAL NOTES:
.. DATA NOT AVAILABLE.
-- INDEX US=100 NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OF INDUSTRIAL
CLASSIFICATION DIFFERENCES.
PREPARED BY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS,
OFFICE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGY, JUNE 1996.
Industry Tables and Appendix Page Industry Tables and Appendix Page
All Manufacturing 1 Stone, Clay, and Glass Products 58
Glass and Glassware 61
Food, Beverages, and Tobacco 4 Pottery and Related Products 64
Textile, Apparel, and Leather Products 7 Primary Metal Industries 67
Textile Mill Products 10 Iron and Steel 70
Apparel and Other Textile Products 13 Nonferrous Metals 73
Leather and Leather Products 16 Metal Products, Machinery, & Equipment 76
Leather Footwear 19 Fabricated Metal Products 79
Lumber, Wood Products, and Furniture 22 Industrial-Commercial Machinery & Equipment 82
Lumber and Wood Products 25 Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment 85
Furniture and Fixtures 28 Electronic Equipment 88
Paper, Printing, and Publishing 31 Household Audio & Video Equipment 88
Paper and Allied Products 34 Electronic Components & Accessories 88
Printing and Publishing 37 Transportation Equipment 91
Chemicals & Petroleum, Rubber & Plastics 40 Motor Vehicles and Equipment 94
Chemicals and Allied Products 43 Aircraft, Space Vehicles, and Parts 97
Petroleum and Coal Products 46 Ship and Boat Building and Repairing 100
Petroleum Refining 46 Instruments and Related Products 103
Rubber and Plastics Products 49 Miscellaneous Manufacturing 106
Rubber Products 52
Tires and Inner Tubes 52 Appendix: 109
Plastics Products 55 Technical Notes 109
Country Notes 112
Exchange Rates 115
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 1
ALL MANUFACTURING
1975 AND 1985-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA 94 84 84 89 97 103 106 110 106 100 94 93
MEXICO 23 12 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 15 9
AUSTRALIA 88 63 64 70 82 87 88 87 81 76 83 84
HONG KONG (1) 12 13 14 15 17 19 21 23 24 26 27 28
INDIA 3 3 3 3 3 2 .. .. .. .. .. ..
ISRAEL 35 31 39 47 55 54 57 56 56 53 55 62
JAPAN 47 49 70 80 91 88 86 94 101 115 125 138
KOREA 5 9 10 12 16 22 25 30 32 34 38 43
NEW ZEALAND 50 34 41 50 59 54 56 54 49 49 53 59
PAKISTAN 3 2 3 3 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SINGAPORE 13 19 17 17 19 22 25 28 31 32 37 42
SRI LANKA 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 ..
TAIWAN 6 12 13 17 20 25 26 28 32 31 33 34
AUSTRIA (1) 71 58 81 101 104 99 119 116 126 122 128 148
BELGIUM 101 69 94 113 114 108 129 127 138 131 138 156
DENMARK 99 62 83 108 109 101 120 117 124 116 121 141
FINLAND (1) 72 63 81 99 113 118 141 136 124 100 114 144
FRANCE 71 58 78 91 93 88 102 98 105 98 101 112
GERMANY (1) 100 74 101 126 131 124 147 146 158 154 160 185
GREECE 27 28 31 34 38 38 45 44 46 43 45 52
IRELAND 48 46 60 69 72 67 79 78 83 73 75 80
ITALY 73 59 79 96 101 101 119 119 122 97 95 96
LUXEMBOURG 100 59 80 97 99 95 110 108 117 112 119 ..
NETHERLANDS 103 67 92 112 114 105 123 117 126 121 124 141
NORWAY 106 80 100 124 133 128 144 139 143 122 124 142
PORTUGAL 25 12 16 19 20 21 25 27 32 27 27 31
SPAIN 40 36 47 56 61 62 76 78 83 70 68 74
SWEDEN 113 74 94 112 121 122 140 142 153 107 112 124
SWITZERLAND 96 74 104 126 129 117 140 139 144 137 148 170
UNITED KINGDOM 53 48 58 67 76 74 85 88 90 76 76 80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: AVERAGE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURES & ALL PRINTING
& PUBLISHING & MISCELLANOUS MANUFACTURING.
FINLAND: INCLUDING MINING & ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS.
BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY. EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 2
ALL MANUFACTURING
1975 AND 1985-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.36 13.01 13.26 13.52 13.91 14.32 14.91 15.58 16.09 16.51 16.86 17.20
CANADA 5.96 10.94 11.10 12.04 13.50 14.77 15.83 17.16 17.03 16.43 15.87 16.03
MEXICO 1.47 1.59 1.09 1.04 1.25 1.43 1.58 1.84 2.17 2.40 2.47 1.51
AUSTRALIA 5.62 8.20 8.54 9.46 11.35 12.41 13.07 13.53 13.02 12.49 14.02 14.40
HONG KONG (1) .76 1.73 1.88 2.09 2.40 2.79 3.20 3.58 3.92 4.29 4.61 4.82
INDIA .19 .35 .42 .39 .39 .32 .. .. .. .. .. ..
ISRAEL 2.25 4.06 5.20 6.34 7.67 7.69 8.55 8.79 9.09 8.82 9.19 10.59
JAPAN 3.00 6.34 9.22 10.79 12.63 12.53 12.80 14.66 16.28 19.01 21.07 23.66
KOREA .32 1.23 1.31 1.59 2.20 3.17 3.71 4.61 5.22 5.64 6.40 7.40
NEW ZEALAND 3.21 4.47 5.50 6.77 8.19 7.80 8.33 8.36 7.91 8.01 8.93 10.11
PAKISTAN .21 .32 .36 .38 .37 .37 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SINGAPORE .84 2.47 2.23 2.31 2.67 3.15 3.78 4.35 4.95 5.25 6.29 7.28
SRI LANKA .28 .28 .29 .30 .31 .31 .35 .40 .40 .42 .45 ..
TAIWAN .40 1.50 1.73 2.26 2.81 3.52 3.93 4.36 5.09 5.19 5.49 5.82
AUSTRIA (1) 4.51 7.58 10.73 13.67 14.52 14.16 17.75 18.09 20.29 20.16 21.51 25.38
BELGIUM 6.41 8.97 12.43 15.25 15.82 15.51 19.22 19.83 22.23 21.62 23.25 26.88
DENMARK 6.28 8.13 11.07 14.61 15.19 14.49 17.96 18.26 20.02 19.11 20.40 24.19
FINLAND (1) 4.61 8.16 10.71 13.44 15.70 16.85 21.03 21.25 19.92 16.56 19.19 24.78
FRANCE 4.52 7.52 10.28 12.29 12.95 12.54 15.23 15.26 16.89 16.23 17.04 19.34
GERMANY (1) 6.35 9.60 13.43 17.02 18.28 17.75 21.96 22.69 25.40 25.36 26.90 31.88
GREECE 1.69 3.66 4.07 4.61 5.22 5.49 6.71 6.82 7.46 7.02 7.51 8.95
IRELAND 3.03 5.92 8.02 9.31 10.00 9.66 11.76 12.08 13.37 12.12 12.63 13.83
ITALY 4.67 7.63 10.47 13.02 13.98 14.41 17.74 18.60 19.60 16.00 16.10 16.48
LUXEMBOURG 6.35 7.72 10.65 13.05 13.80 13.56 16.37 16.87 18.85 18.49 20.06 ..
NETHERLANDS 6.58 8.75 12.22 15.14 15.83 15.04 18.29 18.30 20.34 20.05 20.92 24.18
NORWAY 6.77 10.37 13.24 16.79 18.45 18.29 21.47 21.63 23.03 20.21 20.97 24.38
PORTUGAL 1.58 1.53 2.08 2.52 2.78 2.97 3.77 4.24 5.17 4.50 4.60 5.35
SPAIN 2.53 4.66 6.25 7.63 8.55 8.94 11.33 12.20 13.37 11.50 11.39 12.70
SWEDEN 7.18 9.66 12.43 15.12 16.82 17.52 20.93 22.15 24.59 17.70 18.86 21.36
SWITZERLAND 6.09 9.66 13.76 17.08 18.01 16.73 20.86 21.69 23.23 22.63 24.90 29.28
UNITED KINGDOM 3.37 6.27 7.66 9.09 10.61 10.56 12.71 13.77 14.44 12.47 12.86 13.77
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: AVERAGE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURES & ALL PRINTING
& PUBLISHING & MISCELLANOUS MANUFACTURING.
FINLAND: INCLUDING MINING & ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS.
BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY. EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 3
ALL MANUFACTURING
1975 AND 1985-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.36 13.01 13.26 13.52 13.91 14.32 14.91 15.58 16.09 16.51 16.86 17.20
CANADA 6.07 14.94 15.42 15.97 16.61 17.48 18.48 19.66 20.59 21.20 21.68 22.00
MEXICO 18 409 667 1437 2834 3509 4440 5541 6716 7.48 8.34 9.66
AUSTRALIA 4.30 11.70 12.73 13.49 14.47 15.68 16.74 17.37 17.71 18.37 19.16 19.43
HONG KONG (1) 3.73 13.46 14.64 16.31 18.74 21.79 24.91 27.82 30.31 33.19 35.65 37.30
INDIA 1.55 4.39 5.28 5.11 5.41 5.24 .. .. .. .. .. ..
ISRAEL 1.44 4.79 7.74 10.12 12.27 14.73 17.24 20.04 22.36 24.97 27.66 31.89
JAPAN 889 1512 1553 1560 1620 1730 1856 1974 2065 2112 2154 2223
KOREA 157 1074 1153 1311 1610 2127 2623 3383 4075 4531 5141 5710
NEW ZEALAND 2.65 8.98 10.47 11.42 12.48 13.14 13.98 14.46 14.70 14.79 15.06 15.41
PAKISTAN 2.07 5.16 6.02 6.54 6.63 7.56 .. .. .. .. .. ..
SINGAPORE 2.00 5.43 4.86 4.87 5.37 6.15 6.85 7.51 8.07 8.49 9.61 10.32
SRI LANKA 1.97 7.58 8.13 8.82 9.81 11.11 14.05 16.58 17.51 20.20 22.32 ..
TAIWAN 15.17 59.60 65.37 71.93 80.29 92.91 105.68 116.66 128.02 137.00 145.44 154.26
AUSTRIA (1) 78.46 156.75 163.69 172.96 179.45 187.49 201.07 211.44 222.93 234.70 245.38 255.87
BELGIUM 235.10 532.39 554.91 569.91 581.89 611.16 642.30 678.30 714.70 747.53 777.32 792.10
DENMARK 36.00 86.18 89.65 100.07 102.40 106.11 111.18 116.97 120.84 123.96 129.64 135.47
FINLAND (1) 16.88 50.56 54.33 59.17 65.81 72.39 80.56 86.11 89.40 94.82 100.42 108.43
FRANCE 19.34 67.49 71.23 73.91 77.17 80.02 82.97 86.17 89.41 91.98 94.48 96.42
GERMANY (1) 15.59 28.23 29.15 30.61 32.13 33.39 35.50 37.68 39.67 41.96 43.63 45.65
GREECE 55 506 570 625 741 892 1064 1243 1422 1610 1821 2073
IRELAND 1.36 5.55 5.98 6.25 6.56 6.81 7.10 7.48 7.85 8.27 8.43 8.62
ITALY 3048 14563 15616 16890 18201 19770 21258 23081 24146 25175 25943 26852
LUXEMBOURG 233 458 476 487 507 534 547 576 606 640 671 ..
NETHERLANDS 16.59 29.04 29.91 30.68 31.31 31.92 33.32 34.25 35.78 37.25 38.06 38.79
NORWAY 35.29 89.11 97.99 113.18 120.37 126.43 134.26 140.43 143.13 143.47 147.92 154.46
PORTUGAL 40.26 263.37 311.04 356.13 400.97 467.42 538.11 614.62 697.80 724.15 763.09 802.11
SPAIN 145 792 874 942 997 1059 1156 1269 1369 1466 1525 1582
SWEDEN 29.73 83.12 88.58 95.99 103.24 113.11 123.98 134.04 143.26 137.99 145.55 152.50
SWITZERLAND 15.72 23.71 24.74 25.48 26.37 27.38 29.00 31.14 32.66 33.45 34.04 34.58
UNITED KINGDOM 1.52 4.84 5.22 5.54 5.95 6.45 7.13 7.79 8.17 8.31 8.40 8.72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: AVERAGE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURES & ALL PRINTING
& PUBLISHING & MISCELLANOUS MANUFACTURING.
FINLAND: INCLUDING MINING & ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS.
BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY. EXCLUDING HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 4
FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 89 85 86 89 97 103 106 109 101 98 92
MEXICO .. .. 11 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
AUSTRALIA 95 81 65 69 73 85 89 93 94 88 84 90
ISRAEL 34 30 25 32 39 47 45 49 48 46 44 46
JAPAN 42 42 41 60 67 76 74 75 81 86 100 108
KOREA 6 10 11 11 13 18 23 27 32 34 35 36
SINGAPORE 14 22 22 20 20 23 27 30 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 16 19 23 28 31 33 37 36 38
AUSTRIA 77 64 64 90 112 116 110 133 130 139 134 140
BELGIUM 101 69 69 94 112 114 109 130 129 139 131 138
DENMARK 116 73 72 96 124 127 117 141 137 143 135 ..
FINLAND (1) 71 60 62 79 96 109 115 138 133 118 95 110
FRANCE 74 62 62 84 97 100 95 111 107 114 107 110
GERMANY (1) 95 70 69 94 116 121 114 137 135 146 142 147
GREECE 26 31 29 31 35 38 39 46 45 48 44 46
IRELAND 57 52 53 70 78 82 77 91 90 95 83 85
ITALY 84 65 66 88 106 112 113 135 134 136 110 110
NETHERLANDS 110 75 75 104 125 128 118 139 135 143 138 ..
NORWAY .. 77 78 99 124 132 128 147 143 147 126 127
PORTUGAL 25 11 12 16 18 20 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 80 83 87 72 69
SWEDEN 118 74 77 97 114 125 126 147 148 160 112 117
SWITZERLAND 93 78 76 106 129 133 121 147 146 150 143 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 53 50 50 60 69 78 77 90 94 94 80 79r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 5
FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.84 11.72 11.97 12.22 12.55 12.85 13.15 13.58 14.14 14.76 15.12 15.48
CANADA .. 10.47 10.22 10.49 11.21 12.50 13.59 14.42 15.40 14.89 14.79 14.18
MEXICO .. .. 1.32 .93 .91 1.06 1.22 1.35 1.61 1.83 2.04 2.21
AUSTRALIA 5.52 9.50 7.80 8.41 9.19 10.92 11.72 12.57 13.29 13.03 12.64 13.89
ISRAEL 2.01 3.46 3.00 3.89 4.90 6.02 5.94 6.64 6.80 6.83 6.64 7.17
JAPAN 2.46 4.98 4.95 7.33 8.47 9.79 9.79 10.18 11.48 12.71 15.05 16.79
KOREA .36 1.21 1.29 1.35 1.68 2.25 3.05 3.71 4.49 4.98 5.27 5.61
SINGAPORE .81 2.56 2.59 2.46 2.57 2.93 3.51 4.10 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .39 1.53 1.61 1.90 2.43 2.95 3.67 4.19 4.71 5.49 5.51 5.93
AUSTRIA 4.52 7.46 7.71 11.02 14.08 14.96 14.45 18.08 18.43 20.51 20.24 21.65
BELGIUM 5.89 8.04 8.28 11.48 14.10 14.65 14.30 17.65 18.22 20.51 19.88 21.29
DENMARK 6.77 8.57 8.64 11.72 15.52 16.30 15.42 19.13 19.34 21.18 20.46 ..
FINLAND (1) 4.16 7.01 7.39 9.62 12.10 14.01 15.06 18.80 18.78 17.35 14.37 16.99
FRANCE 4.34 7.23 7.44 10.23 12.23 12.90 12.45 15.06 15.14 16.82 16.21 17.00
GERMANY (1) 5.52 8.25 8.21 11.52 14.53 15.49 14.96 18.60 19.15 21.58 21.42 22.77
GREECE 1.53 3.58 3.48 3.83 4.34 4.85 5.19 6.22 6.36 7.03 6.60 7.05
IRELAND 3.30 6.07 6.33 8.53 9.82 10.57 10.16 12.31 12.66 14.00 12.58 13.17
ITALY 4.89 7.60 7.87 10.79 13.29 14.35 14.80 18.34 18.89 20.11 16.59 17.00
NETHERLANDS 6.40 8.82 9.03 12.67 15.74 16.39 15.58 18.94 19.05 21.09 20.82 ..
NORWAY .. 9.06 9.35 12.12 15.52 16.98 16.89 19.97 20.24 21.66 18.99 19.66
PORTUGAL 1.47 1.29 1.38 1.90 2.26 2.52 2.78 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.70 10.91 11.77 12.91 10.87 10.72
SWEDEN 6.87 8.68 9.25 11.81 14.34 16.06 16.62 19.93 20.95 23.59 16.95 18.07
SWITZERLAND 5.44 9.12 9.10 12.94 16.15 17.07 15.89 19.92 20.68 22.18 21.66 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.08 5.81 6.01 7.39 8.70 10.07 10.08 12.23 13.34 13.92 12.08 12.18r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 6
FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.84 11.72 11.97 12.22 12.55 12.85 13.15 13.58 14.14 14.76 15.12 15.48
CANADA .. 13.56 13.96 14.58 14.86 15.39 16.09 16.83 17.65 18.00 19.08 19.37
MEXICO .. .. 339 569 1253 2416 3011 3789 4865 5670 6.35 7.47
AUSTRALIA 4.22 10.80 11.15 12.53 13.11 13.92 14.81 16.11 17.06 17.73 18.59 18.99
ISRAEL 1.28 1014.69 3.53 5.79 7.82 9.62 11.39 13.38 15.49 16.80 18.80 21.57
JAPAN 729 1183 1181 1234 1224 1255 1351 1477 1546 1612 1672 1716
KOREA 175 977 1123 1190 1379 1645 2046 2628 3295 3885 4233 4508
SINGAPORE 1.92 5.45 5.70 5.36 5.41 5.90 6.84 7.43 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 14.96 60.51 64.23 72.04 77.31 84.37 96.84 112.67 126.05 138.22 145.52 157.08
AUSTRIA 78.57 149.24 159.54 168.18 178.14 184.95 191.31 204.80 215.47 225.43 235.64 246.99
BELGIUM 216.18 464.13 491.51 512.69 526.61 538.68 563.76 589.90 623.22 659.30 687.56 711.70
DENMARK 38.83 88.65 91.55 94.91 106.28 109.90 112.89 118.40 123.87 127.85 132.73 ..
FINLAND (1) 15.24 42.08 45.81 48.82 53.27 58.76 64.70 72.00 76.08 77.83 82.25 88.94
FRANCE 18.59 63.17 66.79 70.87 73.51 76.88 79.40 82.03 85.51 89.05 91.86 94.31
GERMANY (1) 13.55 23.47 24.15 25.00 26.13 27.22 28.14 30.08 31.80 33.70 35.46 36.93
GREECE 49 403 480 536 588 688 843 986 1159 1339 1514 1711
IRELAND 1.49 5.59 5.94 6.36 6.60 6.93 7.16 7.43 7.84 8.22 8.59 8.80
ITALY 3190 13353 15029 16094 17234 18688 20310 21970 23447 24778 26093 27387
NETHERLANDS 16.14 28.31 29.97 31.03 31.88 32.43 33.05 34.51 35.66 37.10 38.69 ..
NORWAY .. 73.92 80.34 89.64 104.59 110.80 116.76 124.91 131.39 134.63 134.79 138.73
PORTUGAL 37.34 189.90 236.80 285.12 319.11 363.78 438.42 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1030 1112 1224 1322 1386 1436
SWEDEN 28.44 71.75 79.57 84.18 91.02 98.55 107.31 118.05 126.78 137.45 132.16 139.39
SWITZERLAND 14.05 21.42 22.35 23.27 24.10 24.99 26.01 27.68 29.70 31.19 32.02 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.39 4.35 4.63 5.03 5.31 5.66 6.15 6.86 7.55 7.88 8.04 7.95r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 7
TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22, 23, & 31 & ISIC 32)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 95 89 88 91 97 104 106 111 105 96 90
MEXICO .. .. 17 11 10 12 14 14 16 18 19 19
AUSTRALIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
JAPAN 51 55 53 74 84 93 89 87 97 102 113 120
KOREA 7 12 12 13 15 20 26 30 36 39 41 43
SINGAPORE (1) 15 24 22 22 21 25 27 30 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 17 17 20 25 29 34 36 38 41 41 41
AUSTRIA 79 68 67 93 113 116 109 132 130 139 134 139
BELGIUM 127 88 88 118 139 140 131 155 156 166 159 164
DENMARK 135 89 88 117 148 149 139 167 163 169 159 ..
FINLAND (1) 88 79 80 104 125 137 139 164 163 146 119 128
FRANCE 90 76 75 101 118 120 112 130 126 133 126 128
GERMANY (1) 119 92 89 123 150 155 145 172 171 183 177 182
IRELAND 57 54 54 70 78 83 78 90 90 96 85 86
ITALY 95 81 81 108 128 133 130 155 155 156 124 122
NETHERLANDS (1) 138 92 89 121 146 149 137 161 154 164 161 ..
PORTUGAL 32 15 16 21 25 26 26 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 90 92 96 80 75
SWEDEN 153 105 106 134 156 169 170 193 197 210 149 152
SWITZERLAND 114 97 94 131 157 162 144 174 174 177 169 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 70 57 57 68 78 88 86 98 101 102 87 87r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: EXCLUDING LEATHER PRODUCTS EXCEPT FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 8
TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22, 23, & 31 & ISIC 32)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.94 7.52 7.80 7.99 8.27 8.54 8.87 9.23 9.56 10.07 10.26 10.60
CANADA .. 7.17 6.92 7.05 7.49 8.30 9.23 9.77 10.58 10.56 9.81 9.59
MEXICO .. .. 1.32 .88 .86 1.02 1.20 1.32 1.52 1.81 1.96 1.98
AUSTRALIA (1) 4.81 8.03 6.81 7.36 7.96 9.72 10.48 11.09 11.65 11.28 10.73 12.16
JAPAN 2.00 4.10 4.12 5.91 6.95 7.96 7.86 8.07 9.27 10.27 11.62 12.76
KOREA .27 .93 .93 1.01 1.25 1.71 2.35 2.76 3.40 3.88 4.18 4.61
SINGAPORE (1) .60 1.81 1.73 1.78 1.76 2.12 2.39 2.79 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .32 1.31 1.34 1.56 2.06 2.49 3.05 3.28 3.59 4.10 4.16 4.32
AUSTRIA 3.13 5.10 5.20 7.43 9.35 9.92 9.63 12.20 12.39 13.96 13.76 14.73
BELGIUM 4.99 6.59 6.84 9.40 11.52 11.95 11.63 14.35 14.88 16.69 16.27 17.37
DENMARK 5.32 6.70 6.83 9.36 12.28 12.75 12.33 15.37 15.62 17.03 16.32 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.45 5.93 6.27 8.27 10.36 11.69 12.29 15.16 15.63 14.67 12.26 13.61
FRANCE 3.55 5.68 5.88 8.08 9.72 10.21 9.92 11.98 12.09 13.37 12.91 13.54
GERMANY (1) 4.68 6.92 6.95 9.83 12.40 13.25 12.85 15.84 16.34 18.40 18.12 19.30
IRELAND 2.23 4.05 4.22 5.62 6.49 7.12 6.94 8.30 8.57 9.62 8.69 9.15
ITALY 3.74 6.09 6.30 8.65 10.60 11.35 11.53 14.32 14.81 15.72 12.77 12.90
NETHERLANDS (1) 5.42 6.89 6.95 9.69 12.09 12.72 12.17 14.86 14.75 16.56 16.49 ..
PORTUGAL 1.28 1.13 1.21 1.67 2.04 2.19 2.31 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.60 8.34 8.84 9.68 8.20 7.97
SWEDEN 6.03 7.90 8.25 10.70 12.89 14.45 15.04 17.86 18.88 21.12 15.24 16.12
SWITZERLAND 4.50 7.32 7.33 10.46 12.98 13.83 12.81 16.08 16.63 17.80 17.32 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.75 4.27 4.46 5.41 6.46 7.54 7.63 9.06 9.70 10.26 8.91 9.23r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: EXCLUDING LEATHER PRODUCTS EXCEPT FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 9
TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22, 23, & 31 & ISIC 32)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.94 7.52 7.80 7.99 8.27 8.54 8.87 9.23 9.56 10.07 10.26 10.60
CANADA .. 9.29 9.45 9.79 9.93 10.22 10.93 11.40 12.12 12.77 12.65 13.10
MEXICO .. .. 339 540 1191 2318 2962 3724 4573 5606 6.11 6.70
AUSTRALIA (1) 3.68 9.13 9.72 10.96 11.35 12.40 13.24 14.20 14.96 15.34 15.79 16.62
JAPAN 593 973 982 996 1005 1021 1085 1170 1247 1303 1291 1304
KOREA 131 748 813 887 1031 1250 1581 1952 2494 3026 3355 3705
SINGAPORE (1) 1.42 3.86 3.80 3.88 3.70 4.26 4.66 5.05 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 11.98 52.00 53.51 58.85 65.53 71.08 80.42 88.25 96.06 103.15 109.90 114.48
AUSTRIA 54.42 102.09 107.64 113.32 118.29 122.63 127.53 138.24 144.89 153.37 160.18 168.10
BELGIUM 182.91 380.71 405.96 419.80 430.26 439.60 458.53 479.65 508.82 536.63 562.62 580.84
DENMARK 30.53 69.38 72.35 75.77 84.08 85.92 90.26 95.14 100.04 102.80 105.84 ..
FINLAND (1) 12.65 35.56 38.88 41.95 45.64 49.00 52.80 58.05 63.33 65.84 70.20 71.26
FRANCE 15.19 49.65 52.81 55.99 58.43 60.86 63.28 65.24 68.26 70.81 73.16 75.07
GERMANY (1) 11.49 19.68 20.45 21.32 22.29 23.29 24.17 25.62 27.14 28.73 29.98 31.30
IRELAND 1.00 3.73 3.96 4.19 4.36 4.66 4.90 5.01 5.31 5.65 5.93 6.11
ITALY 2442 10699 12024 12903 13754 14781 15821 17159 18378 19366 20086 20786
NETHERLANDS (1) 13.68 22.11 23.06 23.72 24.50 25.16 25.82 27.07 27.62 29.14 30.63 ..
PORTUGAL 32.68 167.01 207.42 250.10 288.50 316.43 363.97 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 782 851 919 991 1046 1067
SWEDEN 24.98 65.37 71.00 76.23 81.82 88.66 97.07 105.78 114.25 123.07 118.78 124.37
SWITZERLAND 11.62 17.20 17.99 18.81 19.37 20.25 20.96 22.35 23.87 25.02 25.60 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.24 3.20 3.44 3.69 3.94 4.23 4.66 5.08 5.49 5.81 5.94 6.03r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: EXCLUDING LEATHER PRODUCTS EXCEPT FOOTWEAR.
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: EXCLUDING LEATHER & LEATHER PRODUCTS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 10
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 22)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 104 97 96 99 106 114 115 119 114 104 97
MEXICO .. .. 19 13 12 14 16 16 18 20 23 23
HONG KONG 19 19 20 21 24 26 28 29 32 32 35 37
ISRAEL 49 40 33 43 55 64 58 63 61 61 57 59
JAPAN 52 57 56 78 91 101 96 92 101 106 120 128
KOREA 7 12 12 12 15 19 26 30 36 38 40 44
SINGAPORE 15 26 24 22 23 26 28 32 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 17 17 19 24 28 33 34 37 40 39 38
AUSTRIA 78 69 68 95 117 119 109 132 130 136 131 137
BELGIUM 129 84 85 113 133 134 125 148 148 155 149 155
DENMARK 129 86 84 112 142 143 133 158 154 158 149 ..
FINLAND (1) 89 75 76 97 119 132 132 156 153 136 111 120
FRANCE 90 72 71 95 109 111 103 119 116 120 114 116
GERMANY (1) 118 89 86 119 145 150 140 164 164 172 167 173
GREECE 37 44 43 46 51 58 57 66 64 65 60 61
IRELAND 61 56 58 76 84 89 83 95 94 98 87 88
ITALY 97 79 79 105 124 127 124 147 147 146 117 115
NETHERLANDS 147 94 93 125 149 152 139 161 155 163 157 ..
NORWAY .. 100 98 121 149 161 157 177 172 174 151 150
PORTUGAL 33 14 15 20 23 24 25 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 73 89 90 93 77 72
SWEDEN 153 99 100 126 147 161 159 180 183 194 137 139
SWITZERLAND 118 99 95 132 159 163 146 174 175 176 170 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 67 55 56 66 77 87 83 95 99 99 84 85r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 11
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 22)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.13 8.24 8.54 8.79 9.11 9.44 9.86 10.34 10.73 11.46 11.63 11.97
CANADA .. 8.54 8.27 8.41 8.98 9.97 11.23 11.88 12.80 13.02 12.06 11.58
MEXICO .. .. 1.60 1.12 1.13 1.36 1.56 1.68 1.94 2.31 2.62 2.78
HONG KONG .77 1.57 1.71 1.84 2.16 2.46 2.76 3.03 3.41 3.69 4.08 4.39
ISRAEL 2.03 3.32 2.78 3.79 4.99 6.00 5.71 6.47 6.52 6.95 6.61 7.05
JAPAN 2.16 4.72 4.74 6.83 8.25 9.51 9.42 9.48 10.82 12.18 13.98 15.28
KOREA .29 .98 1.00 1.07 1.35 1.84 2.55 3.06 3.87 4.37 4.69 5.22
SINGAPORE .63 2.12 2.06 1.94 2.11 2.41 2.75 3.34 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .32 1.38 1.41 1.66 2.20 2.68 3.27 3.54 3.94 4.54 4.49 4.54
AUSTRIA 3.23 5.68 5.83 8.35 10.65 11.20 10.78 13.67 13.92 15.59 15.26 16.34
BELGIUM 5.31 6.93 7.24 9.94 12.14 12.62 12.34 15.28 15.91 17.78 17.29 18.59
DENMARK 5.34 7.09 7.21 9.87 12.95 13.50 13.10 16.38 16.57 18.12 17.33 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.68 6.18 6.49 8.55 10.82 12.46 13.06 16.15 16.43 15.56 12.94 14.35
FRANCE 3.72 5.93 6.07 8.34 9.96 10.48 10.15 12.29 12.40 13.73 13.28 13.93
GERMANY (1) 4.87 7.33 7.38 10.45 13.24 14.17 13.76 16.99 17.55 19.76 19.46 20.70
GREECE 1.54 3.63 3.67 4.06 4.69 5.43 5.59 6.79 6.86 7.41 7.03 7.32
IRELAND 2.50 4.63 4.92 6.64 7.64 8.38 8.17 9.80 10.09 11.28 10.10 10.57
ITALY 3.99 6.49 6.74 9.21 11.28 12.02 12.23 15.23 15.75 16.73 13.57 13.76
NETHERLANDS 6.09 7.78 7.90 10.99 13.56 14.31 13.70 16.67 16.68 18.63 18.23 ..
NORWAY .. 8.20 8.41 10.67 13.57 15.16 15.47 18.27 18.50 19.90 17.55 17.95
PORTUGAL 1.37 1.17 1.24 1.74 2.14 2.29 2.42 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.23 9.17 9.70 10.63 8.99 8.63
SWEDEN 6.30 8.13 8.56 11.07 13.42 15.18 15.69 18.59 19.63 22.19 15.93 16.69
SWITZERLAND 4.87 8.16 8.12 11.60 14.47 15.39 14.38 18.04 18.82 20.18 19.78 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.76 4.56 4.80 5.83 7.04 8.18 8.18 9.85 10.65 11.39 9.81 10.12r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 12
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 22)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.13 8.24 8.54 8.79 9.11 9.44 9.86 10.34 10.73 11.46 11.63 11.97
CANADA .. 11.06 11.30 11.69 11.90 12.28 13.29 13.87 14.67 15.74 15.55 15.82
MEXICO .. .. 411 685 1552 3080 3840 4715 5858 7152 8.16 9.37
HONG KONG 3.81 12.27 13.34 14.39 16.85 19.18 21.56 23.57 26.48 28.52 31.57 33.97
ISRAEL 1.30 974.81 3.28 5.64 7.95 9.59 10.94 13.05 14.86 17.09 18.70 21.23
JAPAN 640 1120 1131 1150 1193 1219 1301 1375 1456 1544 1553 1562
KOREA 140 791 868 944 1110 1344 1716 2168 2838 3411 3766 4198
SINGAPORE 1.49 4.52 4.54 4.23 4.44 4.85 5.36 6.06 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 12.27 54.70 56.03 62.68 70.13 76.74 86.31 95.19 105.44 114.22 118.68 120.24
AUSTRIA 56.15 113.60 120.51 127.43 134.76 138.46 142.69 154.83 162.75 171.39 177.64 186.48
BELGIUM 194.64 400.50 429.39 444.01 453.55 464.33 486.36 510.51 544.28 571.70 597.75 621.60
DENMARK 30.63 73.39 76.46 79.90 88.67 91.00 95.90 101.36 106.09 109.40 112.43 ..
FINLAND (1) 13.47 37.11 40.22 43.35 47.66 52.24 56.11 61.85 66.57 69.80 74.08 75.13
FRANCE 15.94 51.78 54.51 57.73 59.85 62.43 64.73 66.95 70.01 72.69 75.27 77.24
GERMANY (1) 11.95 20.85 21.71 22.67 23.81 24.90 25.89 27.48 29.15 30.86 32.21 33.58
GREECE 50 410 507 569 636 771 909 1076 1250 1412 1612 1776
IRELAND 1.12 4.26 4.61 4.95 5.13 5.49 5.76 5.91 6.25 6.62 6.89 7.06
ITALY 2606 11391 12868 13734 14625 15646 16774 18248 19540 20612 21350 22168
NETHERLANDS 15.36 24.96 26.22 26.91 27.48 28.31 29.06 30.38 31.23 32.78 33.87 ..
NORWAY .. 66.93 72.27 78.92 91.47 98.93 106.93 114.27 120.09 123.69 124.58 126.61
PORTUGAL 34.76 173.09 214.20 260.11 301.90 330.14 381.11 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 856 935 1009 1089 1146 1156
SWEDEN 26.08 67.22 73.64 78.89 85.16 93.16 101.32 110.12 118.80 129.29 124.16 128.78
SWITZERLAND 12.56 19.17 19.95 20.86 21.59 22.54 23.55 25.08 27.03 28.38 29.24 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.24 3.41 3.70 3.97 4.30 4.59 4.99 5.52 6.03 6.45 6.53 6.60r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 13
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 23)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 91 86 85 87 93 101 104 107 100 92 87
MEXICO .. .. 15 10 10 10 11 12 11 15 17 16
HONG KONG 20 23 24 25 27 30 33 36 38 39 41 43
ISRAEL 39 31 26 38 49 59 55 57 58 57 55 57
JAPAN 43 47 46 65 74 83 80 79 88 93 102 111
KOREA 6 12 12 12 15 19 25 28 32 35 37 41
SINGAPORE 15 25 23 24 23 27 29 33 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 17 16 19 24 28 33 34 36 38 39 41
AUSTRIA 77 64 63 87 105 107 102 125 123 134 132 136
BELGIUM 118 87 87 116 140 140 132 156 156 169 163 166
DENMARK 136 91 90 121 153 152 143 171 169 176 166 ..
FINLAND (1) 85 79 81 105 128 142 143 171 173 154 125 135
FRANCE 86 76 76 103 122 124 116 135 133 141 133 135
GERMANY (1) 119 91 88 121 149 154 144 170 170 184 178 181
GREECE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
IRELAND 49 48 48 63 72 76 71 82 83 89 79 81
ITALY 92 81 79 107 128 132 130 155 156 159 126 124
NETHERLANDS 121 82 79 108 132 134 124 146 139 152 152 ..
NORWAY .. 110 109 135 169 182 181 213 202 201 171 167
PORTUGAL 30 15 16 21 24 26 26 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 88 91 95 78 76
SWEDEN 150 107 107 135 157 169 170 197 200 208 146 152
SWITZERLAND 105 88 86 120 145 150 132 162 160 165 156 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 58 55 55 66 76 86 84 95 99 99 85 85r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: INCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 14
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 23)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.80 7.03 7.29 7.44 7.64 7.88 8.14 8.43 8.69 9.04 9.22 9.53
CANADA .. 6.39 6.28 6.35 6.68 7.35 8.21 8.73 9.26 9.06 8.51 8.25
MEXICO .. .. 1.08 .76 .73 .79 .92 1.03 .93 1.40 1.54 1.55
HONG KONG .75 1.60 1.76 1.86 2.08 2.35 2.69 3.04 3.33 3.57 3.76 4.07
ISRAEL 1.47 2.15 1.90 2.83 3.73 4.68 4.48 4.81 5.01 5.16 5.10 5.46
JAPAN 1.62 3.27 3.37 4.87 5.64 6.53 6.50 6.67 7.62 8.44 9.42 10.55
KOREA .22 .83 .84 .90 1.12 1.53 2.06 2.35 2.77 3.19 3.45 3.86
SINGAPORE .58 1.76 1.68 1.77 1.72 2.09 2.36 2.74 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .30 1.20 1.19 1.42 1.81 2.17 2.68 2.87 3.09 3.47 3.59 3.86
AUSTRIA 2.92 4.52 4.58 6.46 8.02 8.47 8.31 10.54 10.73 12.09 12.19 12.98
BELGIUM 4.47 6.13 6.31 8.66 10.66 11.05 10.71 13.14 13.56 15.31 14.99 15.82
DENMARK 5.16 6.42 6.54 8.99 11.68 12.01 11.62 14.40 14.68 15.95 15.32 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.23 5.57 5.88 7.82 9.79 11.22 11.66 14.42 15.00 13.93 11.55 12.85
FRANCE 3.28 5.31 5.52 7.68 9.29 9.74 9.48 11.41 11.55 12.75 12.28 12.87
GERMANY (1) 4.53 6.39 6.39 9.03 11.36 12.10 11.69 14.35 14.81 16.59 16.42 17.29
GREECE (1) 1.29 2.97 2.90 3.24 3.72 4.20 4.46 5.58 5.61 6.14 5.81 6.15
IRELAND 1.88 3.40 3.53 4.68 5.52 6.00 5.77 6.95 7.18 8.04 7.25 7.71
ITALY 3.48 5.66 5.79 7.95 9.75 10.39 10.55 13.09 13.52 14.37 11.65 11.82
NETHERLANDS 4.60 5.79 5.74 8.00 10.10 10.52 10.07 12.33 12.11 13.72 14.04 ..
NORWAY .. 7.70 7.96 10.06 12.94 14.32 14.74 17.94 17.59 18.14 15.76 15.89
PORTUGAL 1.13 1.04 1.13 1.53 1.87 2.04 2.13 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.84 7.38 7.87 8.58 7.23 7.20
SWEDEN 5.71 7.49 7.79 10.01 12.03 13.35 13.87 16.59 17.42 18.79 13.44 14.47
SWITZERLAND 4.00 6.22 6.29 8.96 11.06 11.81 10.75 13.66 13.92 14.93 14.42 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.21 3.89 4.04 4.89 5.80 6.76 6.85 8.05 8.58 8.98 7.80 8.13r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: INCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 15
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 23)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.80 7.03 7.29 7.44 7.64 7.88 8.14 8.43 8.69 9.04 9.22 9.53
CANADA .. 8.28 8.57 8.83 8.86 9.04 9.73 10.18 10.62 10.96 10.98 11.28
MEXICO .. .. 277 465 1006 1801 2256 2897 2797 4334 4.80 5.23
HONG KONG 3.72 12.52 13.68 14.52 16.18 18.33 21.01 23.66 25.84 27.62 29.10 31.43
ISRAEL .94 630.99 2.24 4.22 5.96 7.48 8.59 9.69 11.43 12.70 14.42 16.43
JAPAN 480 777 803 820 815 837 898 967 1025 1071 1047 1079
KOREA 105 670 730 791 918 1116 1385 1664 2034 2493 2769 3099
SINGAPORE 1.38 3.76 3.71 3.85 3.63 4.21 4.60 4.96 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 11.31 47.42 47.57 53.76 57.60 62.16 70.79 77.13 82.71 87.20 94.83 102.11
AUSTRIA 50.73 90.46 94.67 98.60 101.49 104.66 110.04 119.45 125.45 132.87 141.84 148.12
BELGIUM 164.15 354.04 374.39 386.85 398.07 406.46 421.99 439.23 463.81 492.30 518.22 528.85
DENMARK 29.61 66.49 69.28 72.76 80.01 80.97 85.04 89.15 94.04 96.28 99.35 ..
FINLAND (1) 11.82 33.41 36.46 39.68 43.12 47.05 50.10 55.22 60.78 62.52 66.13 67.27
FRANCE 14.04 46.35 49.57 53.20 55.88 58.02 60.51 62.14 65.20 67.47 69.59 71.37
GERMANY (1) 11.11 18.18 18.80 19.61 20.42 21.25 21.99 23.20 24.60 25.92 27.17 28.04
GREECE (1) 42 334 400 453 504 596 724 885 1022 1170 1333 1491
IRELAND .84 3.13 3.31 3.49 3.71 3.93 4.07 4.19 4.45 4.72 4.95 5.15
ITALY 2270 9932 11061 11846 12643 13524 14474 15678 16774 17700 18332 19040
NETHERLANDS 11.61 18.58 19.05 19.57 20.47 20.81 21.37 22.46 22.67 24.13 26.08 ..
NORWAY .. 62.86 68.41 74.42 87.22 93.41 101.92 112.19 114.19 112.73 111.85 112.08
PORTUGAL 28.88 153.99 194.03 229.35 264.66 294.63 335.35 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 691 752 819 879 921 964
SWEDEN 23.64 61.92 67.03 71.36 76.37 81.92 89.54 98.28 105.45 109.46 104.80 111.66
SWITZERLAND 10.31 14.63 15.43 16.10 16.50 17.29 17.60 18.99 19.99 20.99 21.31 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.00 2.91 3.11 3.33 3.53 3.79 4.18 4.51 4.85 5.08 5.20 5.31r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: INCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 16
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 96 88 90 95 102 107 107 107 95 90 85
ISRAEL 46 41 36 51 61 71 64 71 68 69 64 66
JAPAN 61 59 61 88 96 106 101 112 123 122 144 148
KOREA 8 13 12 13 15 20 27 30 34 36 39 41
SINGAPORE (1) 16 23 23 20 21 25 28 29 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 18 18 18 24 29 34 35 35 37 38 40
AUSTRIA 85 66 66 94 115 120 112 134 127 134 127 126
BELGIUM 136 90 93 128 154 153 141 165 160 171 162 166
DENMARK 131 93 91 121 157 154 138 166 164 170 157 ..
FINLAND (1) 89 78 79 103 127 141 140 163 157 140 111 112
FRANCE 92 78 80 107 126 128 118 136 131 138 130 130
GERMANY (1) 115 92 90 124 152 155 142 168 163 175 165 166
GREECE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
IRELAND 67 65 63 80 85 88 83 97 96 98 87 84
ITALY 87 78 79 108 130 135 131 154 152 154 122 116
NORWAY .. 100 101 125 156 169 163 185 177 180 156 154
PORTUGAL 25 14 15 20 24 25 25 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 78 93 93 98 82 75
SWEDEN 162 109 111 140 164 177 176 194 196 205 144 148
SWITZERLAND 119 106 103 145 175 178 160 185 182 184 172 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 76 64 67 80 92 105 103 118 119 121 105 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: EXCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 17
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.91 7.46 7.64 7.74 7.96 8.26 8.66 9.10 9.53 9.97 10.27 10.77
CANADA .. 7.18 6.76 7.00 7.54 8.45 9.23 9.72 10.22 9.46 9.27 9.20
ISRAEL 1.78 3.03 2.74 3.97 4.85 5.86 5.52 6.46 6.52 6.83 6.55 7.09
JAPAN 2.38 4.39 4.69 6.80 7.66 8.78 8.77 10.20 11.70 12.18 14.76 15.98
KOREA .30 .94 .95 1.03 1.22 1.68 2.34 2.72 3.22 3.59 4.05 4.38
SINGAPORE (1) .64 1.73 1.77 1.57 1.67 2.08 2.42 2.67 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .27 1.35 1.40 1.42 1.92 2.38 2.92 3.16 3.31 3.64 3.95 4.31
AUSTRIA 3.31 4.94 5.03 7.25 9.16 9.89 9.70 12.19 12.12 13.38 13.00 13.62
BELGIUM 5.31 6.75 7.14 9.90 12.22 12.63 12.17 15.03 15.28 17.08 16.63 17.91
DENMARK 5.12 6.94 6.97 9.34 12.48 12.69 11.97 15.10 15.59 16.91 16.17 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.48 5.79 6.05 7.94 10.13 11.65 12.15 14.85 15.00 13.95 11.43 12.09
FRANCE 3.59 5.85 6.14 8.29 10.01 10.55 10.24 12.36 12.45 13.79 13.32 13.96
GERMANY (1) 4.50 6.85 6.88 9.63 12.07 12.78 12.31 15.25 15.55 17.46 16.96 17.92
GREECE (1) 1.61 3.42 3.55 3.89 4.42 4.95 5.10 6.20 6.48 7.30 6.78 7.46
IRELAND 2.62 4.84 4.85 6.21 6.79 7.29 7.19 8.83 9.13 9.77 8.96 9.10
ITALY 3.40 5.84 6.02 8.35 10.34 11.12 11.34 14.01 14.52 15.36 12.54 12.51
NORWAY .. 7.43 7.69 9.68 12.42 13.94 14.09 16.85 16.88 17.99 15.97 16.61
PORTUGAL .98 1.07 1.14 1.58 1.88 2.04 2.17 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.78 8.47 8.90 9.79 8.43 8.08
SWEDEN 6.33 8.12 8.47 10.82 13.09 14.65 15.25 17.63 18.72 20.45 14.80 15.89
SWITZERLAND 4.65 7.89 7.87 11.25 13.93 14.73 13.83 16.82 17.39 18.37 17.63 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.97 4.81 5.15 6.20 7.36 8.69 8.91 10.71 11.34 12.06 10.81 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: EXCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 18
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 31)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.91 7.46 7.64 7.74 7.96 8.26 8.66 9.10 9.53 9.97 10.27 10.77
CANADA .. 9.30 9.23 9.73 10.00 10.41 10.93 11.34 11.71 11.44 11.96 12.57
ISRAEL 1.14 889.77 3.23 5.91 7.74 9.38 10.57 13.02 14.86 16.80 18.53 21.35
JAPAN 705 1041 1118 1146 1108 1126 1211 1479 1575 1544 1640 1633
KOREA 146 758 826 907 1002 1227 1573 1923 2359 2806 3255 3519
SINGAPORE (1) 1.52 3.70 3.89 3.42 3.52 4.19 4.72 4.83 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 10.20 53.61 55.86 53.70 61.09 67.92 77.23 84.94 88.46 91.67 104.37 114.12
AUSTRIA 57.55 98.90 104.08 110.70 115.93 122.22 128.41 138.08 141.63 147.10 151.29 155.40
BELGIUM 194.84 389.78 423.85 442.23 456.44 464.66 479.76 502.42 522.61 549.07 575.00 598.73
DENMARK 29.37 71.82 73.87 75.61 85.47 85.53 87.66 93.44 99.82 102.10 104.88 ..
FINLAND (1) 12.74 34.74 37.51 40.26 44.59 48.83 52.21 56.88 60.80 62.58 65.44 63.29
FRANCE 15.39 51.07 55.17 57.42 60.18 62.85 65.33 67.30 70.29 72.99 75.46 77.40
GERMANY (1) 11.04 19.50 20.25 20.90 21.69 22.46 23.15 24.66 25.82 27.27 28.06 29.07
GREECE (1) 52 386 490 544 599 702 828 982 1182 1392 1555 1809
IRELAND 1.18 4.46 4.55 4.63 4.56 4.77 5.07 5.33 5.66 5.73 6.12 6.08
ITALY 2215 10248 11495 12444 13410 14476 15564 16785 18014 18923 19727 20155
NORWAY .. 60.67 66.06 71.61 83.75 90.92 97.41 105.38 109.56 111.80 113.33 117.20
PORTUGAL 25.06 157.60 195.82 236.69 265.81 294.14 342.02 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 803 864 926 1003 1075 1081
SWEDEN 26.21 67.14 72.89 77.08 83.11 89.92 98.48 104.44 113.30 119.13 115.38 122.62
SWITZERLAND 12.01 18.55 19.31 20.23 20.79 21.57 22.64 23.39 24.97 25.82 26.06 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.34 3.60 3.97 4.22 4.49 4.88 5.44 6.00 6.42 6.83 7.20 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: EXCLUDING LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 19
LEATHER FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING (US SIC 314)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
MEXICO .. .. 15 9 8 10 13 15 18 22 23 21
HONG KONG 24 26 27 30 31 34 35 37 38 36 .. ..
KOREA 9 13 12 14 16 21 28 30 34 37 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 18 23 23 19 19 23 26 27 .. .. .. ..
BELGIUM 147 98 101 138 164 161 146 170 167 178 170 169
DENMARK 134 99 95 128 167 163 145 174 174 183 170 ..
FRANCE 98 82 84 113 132 133 123 140 137 145 138 135
GERMANY (1) 121 96 94 132 160 162 148 174 171 185 176 174
ITALY 87 79 79 110 132 137 132 156 156 160 127 119
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 76 90 90 95 79 70
UNITED KINGDOM 81 68 70 86 96 110 107 125 128 131 115 111
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 20
LEATHER FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING (US SIC 314)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.75 7.13 7.30 7.34 7.54 7.87 8.31 8.75 9.04 9.39 9.59 10.26
MEXICO .. .. 1.12 .64 .61 .79 1.04 1.34 1.60 2.10 2.16 2.18
HONG KONG .89 1.82 2.00 2.18 2.33 2.67 2.87 3.20 3.39 3.38 .. ..
KOREA .32 .93 .91 1.00 1.18 1.65 2.31 2.62 3.05 3.47 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) .66 1.67 1.66 1.41 1.41 1.83 2.16 2.33 .. .. .. ..
BELGIUM 5.51 6.99 7.39 10.11 12.35 12.70 12.13 14.87 15.09 16.74 16.28 17.30
DENMARK 5.02 7.03 6.97 9.36 12.57 12.83 12.03 15.25 15.75 17.22 16.33 ..
FRANCE 3.67 5.88 6.15 8.28 9.97 10.49 10.18 12.21 12.37 13.62 13.23 13.87
GERMANY (1) 4.52 6.87 6.89 9.67 12.06 12.76 12.30 15.20 15.44 17.41 16.90 17.84
ITALY 3.26 5.62 5.78 8.04 9.98 10.76 10.95 13.61 14.07 14.99 12.22 12.22
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.28 7.85 8.13 8.90 7.61 7.21
UNITED KINGDOM 3.04 4.88 5.12 6.29 7.27 8.66 8.92 10.91 11.54 12.30 11.04 11.36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 21
LEATHER FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING (US SIC 314)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 3.75 7.13 7.30 7.34 7.54 7.87 8.31 8.75 9.04 9.39 9.59 10.26
MEXICO .. .. 288 390 838 1804 2564 3768 4830 6494 6.72 7.36
HONG KONG 4.40 14.24 15.60 17.04 18.19 20.85 22.41 24.94 26.37 26.16 .. ..
KOREA 156 746 795 881 969 1206 1550 1857 2240 2705 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.58 3.56 3.64 3.07 2.98 3.69 4.20 4.22 .. .. .. ..
BELGIUM 202.01 403.76 438.35 451.71 461.32 467.02 478.13 497.01 516.03 538.15 562.98 578.34
DENMARK 28.79 72.77 73.89 75.80 86.09 86.49 88.05 94.37 100.88 103.96 105.91 ..
FRANCE 15.72 51.39 55.19 57.32 59.96 62.48 64.96 66.51 69.87 72.10 75.00 76.95
GERMANY (1) 11.09 19.55 20.26 20.98 21.69 22.42 23.14 24.58 25.65 27.19 27.97 28.94
ITALY 2126 9877 11031 11989 12946 14006 15025 16306 17465 18468 19222 19685
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 744 801 845 911 971 965
UNITED KINGDOM 1.37 3.65 3.95 4.29 4.43 4.86 5.44 6.11 6.53 6.96 7.35 7.42
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SPAIN: INCLUDING RUBBER & PLASTICS FOOTWEAR.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 22
LUMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS, & FURNITURE (US SIC 24 & 25 & ISIC 33) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 104 99 94 102 110 116 123 125 119 114 109
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 12
ISRAEL 42 37 32 42 53 63 60 64 63 65 64 69
JAPAN 46 51 50 72 84 95 92 90 99 106 122 131
KOREA 6 12 12 13 15 21 27 31 37 40 .. ..
SINGAPORE 15 21 20 18 18 23 25 29 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 15 19 23 26 28 30 33 33 35
AUSTRIA 79 66 66 90 109 113 107 128 127 139 135 145
BELGIUM 116 80 79 108 128 128 120 145 145 157 148 155
DENMARK 111 72 72 98 124 126 116 141 139 146 135 ..
FINLAND (1) 80 69 70 91 110 124 131 159 156 143 117 126
FRANCE 77 64 63 84 99 102 96 113 110 118 111 115
GERMANY (1) 115 90 86 117 143 148 139 166 168 202 184 182
IRELAND 55 44 44 58 66 72 67 78 79 85 77 79
ITALY 76 66 66 87 104 108 110 130 134 138 110 109
NETHERLANDS 116 76 75 100 121 123 113 133 128 138 137 ..
NORWAY .. 91 90 113 139 147 140 158 154 155 133 138
PORTUGAL 25 11 11 14 17 19 19 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 68 73 78 65 62
SWEDEN 136 87 88 111 132 144 147 169 173 188 132 138
SWITZERLAND 119 96 92 128 154 158 142 171 175 181 175 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 65 55 55 65 75 86 82 93 96 97 80 81r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 23
LUMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS, & FURNITURE (US SIC 24 & 25 & ISIC 33) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.97 9.78 10.12 10.37 10.64 10.91 11.26 11.67 11.98 12.38 12.66 12.85
CANADA .. 10.19 9.99 9.78 10.82 11.96 13.03 14.33 14.98 14.74 14.39 14.00
MEXICO .. .. 1.15 .77 .68 .75 .85 .98 1.14 1.33 1.54 1.49
ISRAEL 2.07 3.62 3.23 4.40 5.61 6.82 6.72 7.49 7.53 8.05 8.09 8.87
JAPAN 2.29 4.98 5.06 7.45 8.90 10.41 10.31 10.48 11.92 13.15 15.47 16.81
KOREA .31 1.16 1.19 1.30 1.55 2.29 3.06 3.66 4.48 5.00 .. ..
SINGAPORE .77 2.08 2.06 1.83 1.96 2.46 2.87 3.39 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .34 1.29 1.34 1.53 2.05 2.54 2.95 3.24 3.55 4.03 4.21 4.47
AUSTRIA 3.93 6.45 6.63 9.30 11.64 12.37 12.02 14.94 15.23 17.23 17.13 18.62
BELGIUM 5.79 7.85 8.00 11.19 13.61 13.97 13.52 16.87 17.36 19.39 18.71 19.93
DENMARK 5.50 7.06 7.32 10.15 13.17 13.74 13.03 16.41 16.66 18.10 17.07 ..
FINLAND (1) 3.98 6.75 7.04 9.39 11.72 13.50 14.72 18.59 18.69 17.68 14.77 16.25
FRANCE 3.81 6.23 6.42 8.73 10.55 11.14 10.84 13.15 13.21 14.66 14.09 14.77
GERMANY (1) 5.71 8.79 8.70 12.18 15.22 16.15 15.66 19.42 20.16 24.97 23.27 23.44
IRELAND 2.71 4.29 4.45 6.02 7.04 7.85 7.53 9.09 9.44 10.49 9.75 10.15
ITALY 3.79 6.43 6.66 9.03 11.10 11.73 12.40 15.21 16.06 17.03 13.92 14.03
NETHERLANDS 5.78 7.46 7.59 10.42 12.83 13.37 12.71 15.54 15.39 17.10 17.35 ..
NORWAY .. 8.92 9.13 11.69 14.83 16.08 15.82 18.42 18.44 19.15 16.90 17.67
PORTUGAL 1.24 1.05 1.09 1.45 1.78 2.04 2.19 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.38 7.99 8.77 9.62 8.27 7.96
SWEDEN 6.76 8.50 8.92 11.56 14.06 15.71 16.52 19.69 20.77 23.24 16.72 17.67
SWITZERLAND 5.93 9.38 9.29 13.27 16.42 17.27 16.03 20.00 20.96 22.44 22.12 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.22 5.39 5.56 6.77 7.99 9.37 9.20 10.88 11.53 11.95 10.16 10.45r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 24
LUMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS, & FURNITURE (US SIC 24 & 25 & ISIC 33) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.97 9.78 10.12 10.37 10.64 10.91 11.26 11.67 11.98 12.38 12.66 12.85
CANADA .. 13.20 13.65 13.59 14.35 14.72 15.43 16.73 17.17 17.82 18.56 19.13
MEXICO .. .. 297 474 931 1701 2088 2755 3445 4128 4.80 5.03
ISRAEL 1.33 1060.20 3.80 6.54 8.95 10.90 12.87 15.11 17.16 19.79 22.89 26.70
JAPAN 681 1183 1208 1254 1286 1334 1424 1519 1604 1667 1719 1718
KOREA 150 938 1033 1146 1278 1678 2052 2588 3284 3905 .. ..
SINGAPORE 1.82 4.44 4.54 3.98 4.14 4.95 5.59 6.15 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.05 51.02 53.58 57.77 65.42 72.67 78.01 87.34 94.97 101.39 111.18 118.25
AUSTRIA 68.30 129.06 137.06 141.90 147.27 152.90 159.17 169.31 177.98 189.41 199.36 212.40
BELGIUM 212.44 453.44 474.92 499.90 508.30 513.93 532.98 563.64 593.60 623.23 646.82 666.14
DENMARK 31.55 73.08 77.63 82.13 90.22 92.62 95.40 101.58 106.67 109.27 110.70 ..
FINLAND (1) 14.60 40.50 43.63 47.63 51.62 56.60 63.25 71.19 75.73 79.34 84.57 85.04
FRANCE 16.29 54.41 57.65 60.48 63.41 66.38 69.14 71.63 74.62 77.61 79.82 81.90
GERMANY (1) 14.02 25.00 25.58 26.43 27.36 28.37 29.46 31.40 33.48 39.01 38.52 38.01
IRELAND 1.22 3.95 4.17 4.49 4.73 5.15 5.31 5.48 5.85 6.15 6.66 6.78
ITALY 2471 11298 12707 13465 14397 15278 17009 18224 19929 20979 21891 22605
NETHERLANDS 14.59 23.94 25.17 25.50 26.00 26.45 26.97 28.31 28.81 30.08 32.23 ..
NORWAY .. 72.82 78.49 86.49 99.94 104.88 109.36 115.17 119.71 119.02 119.93 124.68
PORTUGAL 31.46 155.50 187.87 217.67 251.71 294.14 345.09 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 756 815 912 985 1055 1065
SWEDEN 28.00 70.34 76.74 82.37 89.26 96.43 106.65 116.63 125.68 135.40 130.33 136.33
SWITZERLAND 15.31 22.04 22.80 23.86 24.50 25.28 26.23 27.80 30.10 31.55 32.70 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.45 4.03 4.28 4.62 4.87 5.26 5.61 6.10 6.52 6.76 6.76 6.82r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 25
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 24)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 107 103 100 108 117 124 131 136 127 121 115
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 11
JAPAN 43 47 46 68 81 91 87 87 96 103 121 131
KOREA 6 11 11 12 14 20 27 31 36 40 41 43
SINGAPORE 15 21 20 18 18 22 25 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 12 12 13 17 21 23 25 27 30 31 34
BELGIUM 113 76 77 104 125 127 120 144 145 158 150 157
FINLAND (1) 76 66 67 88 109 123 131 160 157 144 118 129
FRANCE 74 61 62 82 98 101 96 113 111 120 113 117
GREECE 30 34 32 35 39 44 44 53 53 60 56 58
PORTUGAL 23 10 11 14 17 19 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 130 83 84 108 129 142 145 167 173 187 132 138
SWITZERLAND 107 83 81 114 137 143 130 156 160 165 163 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 26
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 24)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.22 10.38 10.64 10.80 10.98 11.18 11.50 11.90 12.17 12.57 12.78 12.97
CANADA .. 11.10 11.00 10.83 11.82 13.05 14.23 15.63 16.51 15.98 15.50 14.98
MEXICO .. .. 1.19 .77 .67 .75 .85 .96 1.12 1.30 1.49 1.43
JAPAN 2.26 4.87 4.88 7.33 8.84 10.12 9.98 10.32 11.67 12.91 15.41 16.98
KOREA .31 1.14 1.18 1.26 1.56 2.26 3.16 3.73 4.42 4.99 5.19 5.55
SINGAPORE .77 2.21 2.15 1.93 2.01 2.48 2.85 3.14 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .35 1.20 1.27 1.43 1.92 2.30 2.70 2.99 3.25 3.77 4.02 4.42
BELGIUM 5.88 7.91 8.18 11.26 13.69 14.18 13.77 17.14 17.61 19.80 19.22 20.42
FINLAND (1) 3.97 6.90 7.16 9.55 11.93 13.79 15.09 19.07 19.12 18.07 15.14 16.74
FRANCE 3.88 6.34 6.58 8.88 10.74 11.33 11.05 13.42 13.53 15.05 14.47 15.17
GREECE 1.58 3.55 3.37 3.80 4.33 4.89 5.04 6.27 6.49 7.54 7.12 7.55
PORTUGAL 1.21 1.08 1.14 1.50 1.85 2.12 2.28 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 6.81 8.58 8.98 11.67 14.19 15.86 16.71 19.92 21.04 23.49 16.89 17.89
SWITZERLAND 5.57 8.61 8.62 12.31 15.06 15.99 14.95 18.59 19.50 20.68 20.84 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 27
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 24)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 5.22 10.38 10.64 10.80 10.98 11.18 11.50 11.90 12.17 12.57 12.78 12.97
CANADA .. 14.38 15.03 15.05 15.68 16.06 16.85 18.24 18.92 19.32 20.00 20.47
MEXICO .. .. 305 474 926 1707 2100 2696 3373 4019 4.64 4.83
JAPAN 671 1156 1163 1234 1279 1298 1378 1497 1570 1637 1712 1735
KOREA 149 923 1028 1111 1279 1657 2124 2639 3239 3894 4163 4460
SINGAPORE 1.82 4.72 4.73 4.20 4.24 4.99 5.56 5.69 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.39 47.69 50.50 54.28 61.14 65.69 71.24 80.41 87.06 94.86 106.29 116.90
BELGIUM 215.78 456.57 485.14 503.01 511.58 521.55 542.61 572.79 602.29 636.58 664.75 682.54
FINLAND (1) 14.56 41.38 44.40 48.44 52.55 57.82 64.81 73.02 77.46 81.10 86.65 87.63
FRANCE 16.60 55.43 59.13 61.51 64.55 67.54 70.51 73.09 76.39 79.70 82.01 84.14
GREECE 51 400 466 531 586 694 818 993 1183 1437 1632 1833
PORTUGAL 30.69 160.25 196.53 225.05 260.67 306.18 358.64 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 28.20 70.99 77.27 83.20 90.08 97.36 107.85 117.97 127.32 136.84 131.67 138.08
SWITZERLAND 14.36 20.22 21.17 22.14 22.47 23.40 24.48 25.83 28.00 29.07 30.80 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 28
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 92 84 81 85 91 96 101 102 99 93 89
MEXICO .. .. 12 8 7 7 8 9 10 11 13 12
HONG KONG 35 23 23 25 25 29 32 34 37 35 .. ..
JAPAN 50 57 57 77 88 102 98 94 104 110 126 132
KOREA 6 13 13 14 16 22 27 32 39 41 .. ..
SINGAPORE 17 23 22 18 19 24 27 31 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 16 15 17 22 27 30 31 33 35 35 35
BELGIUM 124 88 85 114 133 131 122 147 147 158 147 154
FINLAND (1) 87 72 72 92 110 121 126 153 150 137 109 115
FRANCE 82 69 67 88 103 105 98 115 111 119 112 115
GREECE 32 38 35 36 40 43 45 54 53 56 51 55
PORTUGAL 28 11 10 13 16 17 18 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 142 92 93 114 134 144 144 165 168 184 128 132
SWITZERLAND 131 108 101 138 165 167 149 179 181 188 179 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN U.S. DOLLARS
PAGE 29
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.63 8.90 9.34 9.79 10.16 10.56 10.95 11.38 11.75 12.15 12.53 12.76
CANADA .. 8.16 7.85 7.91 8.67 9.57 10.53 11.45 11.93 11.97 11.65 11.40
MEXICO .. .. 1.12 .78 .68 .75 .84 1.00 1.16 1.36 1.58 1.53
HONG KONG 1.60 2.01 2.18 2.49 2.51 3.08 3.49 3.86 4.36 4.21 .. ..
JAPAN 2.33 5.08 5.32 7.57 8.99 10.77 10.71 10.69 12.19 13.40 15.76 16.90
KOREA .30 1.20 1.21 1.36 1.59 2.34 2.99 3.68 4.54 5.01 .. ..
SINGAPORE .77 2.02 2.03 1.81 1.98 2.49 2.92 3.54 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .33 1.41 1.44 1.64 2.22 2.86 3.27 3.54 3.86 4.26 4.35 4.50
BELGIUM 5.75 7.82 7.91 11.16 13.56 13.87 13.40 16.77 17.23 19.18 18.44 19.68
FINLAND (1) 4.04 6.40 6.75 9.01 11.21 12.80 13.84 17.36 17.64 16.60 13.69 14.70
FRANCE 3.78 6.15 6.29 8.65 10.45 11.06 10.73 13.04 13.08 14.51 14.00 14.72
GREECE 1.49 3.42 3.24 3.57 4.07 4.57 4.90 6.14 6.19 6.75 6.41 6.99
PORTUGAL 1.31 .94 .93 1.29 1.59 1.80 1.95 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 6.58 8.18 8.67 11.15 13.59 15.19 15.80 18.83 19.76 22.34 16.05 16.90
SWITZERLAND 6.05 9.57 9.45 13.50 16.76 17.59 16.29 20.36 21.31 22.88 22.45 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY
PAGE 30
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25) (1)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.63 8.90 9.34 9.79 10.16 10.56 10.95 11.38 11.75 12.15 12.53 12.76
CANADA .. 10.57 10.72 10.99 11.49 11.78 12.47 13.36 13.67 14.47 15.03 15.57
MEXICO .. .. 287 476 937 1695 2076 2810 3506 4217 4.93 5.18
HONG KONG 7.88 15.74 16.99 19.41 19.55 24.05 27.25 30.04 33.86 32.57 .. ..
JAPAN 692 1206 1270 1274 1301 1380 1480 1551 1641 1699 1751 1727
KOREA 147 966 1057 1195 1312 1714 2009 2601 3328 3911 .. ..
SINGAPORE 1.84 4.31 4.47 3.93 4.16 5.01 5.69 6.41 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 12.51 55.64 57.32 61.99 70.60 81.72 86.48 95.20 103.32 107.25 114.80 119.17
BELGIUM 210.79 451.74 469.60 498.30 506.65 510.07 527.92 560.48 589.16 616.51 637.67 657.76
FINLAND (1) 14.80 38.41 41.82 45.70 49.38 53.67 59.47 66.47 71.46 74.48 78.36 76.95
FRANCE 16.18 53.71 56.46 59.89 62.85 65.92 68.45 71.05 73.86 76.80 79.31 81.61
GREECE 48 386 448 499 551 649 795 972 1129 1286 1469 1695
PORTUGAL 33.30 138.98 159.88 193.24 224.01 259.33 307.13 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 27.24 67.66 74.61 79.48 86.26 93.20 101.98 111.51 119.56 130.17 125.14 130.44
SWITZERLAND 15.61 22.49 23.20 24.27 25.00 25.75 26.67 28.30 30.61 32.17 33.18 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. METAL FURNITURE IS CLASSIFIED IN FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINLAND: BREAK IN SERIES AT 1994.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100
PAGE 31
PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34)
1975 AND 1984-94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 96 93 93 96 106 112 115 123 119 110 102
MEXICO .. .. 12 7 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 14
AUSTRALIA 95 87 67 69 78 87 91 91 92 85 81 87
JAPAN 47 51 51 73 80 92 89 86 96 103 119 129
KOREA 6 11 11 11 13 17 22 25 30 32 33 37
SINGAPORE 13 20 19 18 17 20 22 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 13 13 14 18 21 26 28 30 34 34 36
BELGIUM 104 69 69 94 112 115 109 130 129 141 134 140
DENMARK 112 77 76 97 125 128 116 138 139 146 137 ..
FINLAND (1) 83 72 74 94 113 126 129 159 155 142 117 131
FRANCE 82 63 63 87 101 105 99 117 113 120 113 117
GER |