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From the World Bank Archives: File Copy 13382 A. Waterson, "Development Planning. Lessons of Experience", 1969, World Bank, 770 pages Foreword - Preface - Contents - Important abbreviations used Part One: The Development Planning Process I. Introduction II. The many meanings of planning [pp.8-27] Introduction Wartime planning Town and country planning Anticyclical planning ----National planning ----Regional planning Summary and conclusions III. The spread of development planning [pp. 28-44] Early planning Postwar planning Summary and conclusions IV. Stages of development planning [pp. 45-102] Introduction The socialized countries ----Evolution of central planning ----The pattern of decentralization The mixed economies ----Three stages of planning ----Premature comprehensive planning ----Experience favors staged approach Difficulties of comprehensive planning ----The problem of projects ----Rationalising current public investment Summary and conclusions V. Development plans [pp. 103-169] Planning without plans The variety of plans The formal status of plans The duration of plans ----Short-term plans ----Medium-term plans ----Long-term plans ----Plan continuity and flexibility ----Rolling plans ----Annual plans Plan objectives Plan targets Summary and conclusions VI. Basic data for planning [pp. 170-200] Relationship between data and planning ----Data needed for planning The question of priorities ----Planning with inadequate data Improving planning data ----Blueprints for statistical betterment Summary and conclusions VII. The budget's role in planning [pp. 201-248] The relationship between plan and budget Inadequacies of conventional budgets ----Budgetary fragmentation ----Consequences of staff inadequacies ----Deficiencies in budget procedures ----Poor accounting ----Classification systems Budgetary reform ----Budgetary comprehensiveness ----Complementarity of capital and current expenditures ----Is a divided budget desirable for planning? ----Program on performance budgeting ----Order of priority Summary and conclusions VIII. Administrative obstacles to planning [pp. 249-292] The administrative problem Backward personnel practices Dilatory procedures Archaic accounting and financial controls Lack of co-ordination Inadequate organization Maladministration and the private sector Dealing with administrative obstacles ----The difficulties of reforms ----The nuclei approach ----Measuring administrative capacity Summary and conclusions IX. The implementation of plans [pp. 293-370] Promise and performance ----Sectoral shortfalls Manifestations of failure ----Overemphasis on financial targets ----Underspending ----Delays in execution ----High costs ----Inferior construction ----Low yields ----Unused capacity Why implementation lags ----Dispersal of resources ----Lack of discipline ----Inadequate preparatory work on projects ----Lack of engineering supervision ----Administrative and procedural delays Relating plan formulation to implementation ----The problem posed ----Formulation vs. implementation ----Importance of administration and politics ----Measuring inept administration and political commitment Improving implementation ----Improving the conditions of implementation ----Evaluating plan progress Summary and conclusions Part two: the organization of planning X. Planning machinery priorities [pp. 371-384] Introduction When a central planning agency works badly Priority for programming units Priority for improving budgetary procedures A planned approach to planning organization Summary and conclusions XI. The distribution of planning functions [pp. 385-434] The need for definition Responsibility for annual operational plan The planning agency and the budget office Relation between planning and statistical agencies Co-ordinating technical skills Negotiating financing Responsibility for regional plans Responsibility for projects and programs ----Training institutes ----Interministry project review committees Co-ordination plan implementation ----As an advisory function ----As an executive function Separate implementing agencies Summary and conclusions XII. The funtion and role of a central planning agency [pp. 435-466] Functions of a central planning agency Role of a central planning agency ----Eliciting public participation Summary and conclusions XIII. Locating a central planning agency [pp.467-490] Introduction The planning agency and the chief executive Autonomous planning agencies Planning agencies in ministries Summary and conclusions XIV. Types of central planning agencies [pp. 491-515] Introduction Cabinet committees Mixed committees Number of planning tiers The technical planning agency Summary and conclusions XV. Organization of a central planning agency [pp. 516-538] Staffing difficulties Legal authority The organization chart The task force approach Summary and conclusions XVI. Subnational regional and local planning bodies [pp. 539-576] Planning bodies in political regions and localities ----In socialized countries ----In mixed economies with federal governments ----In mixed economies with unitary governments ----In individual political subdivisions Planning bodies in economic regions Summary and conclusions XVII. Programing units in operating organizations [pp. 565-576] The function and role of programing units The establishment of programming units Summary and conclusions Appendix I. Colombia: questionnaire on investment programs of public entities [pp. 577-578] Appendix II. Argentina: questionnaire on public investment programs [pp. 579-586] Appendix III. National plans [pp. 587-686] Appendix IV. Central planning agencies [pp. 687-695] Appendix V. Organization chart of Iran's plan organization [p. 696] Appendix VI. The Philippines National Economic Council [p. 697] Appendix VII. Morroco (1960) Division of Economic Coordination and Planning [p. 698] Appendix VIII. India's Planning Commission [pp. 699-700] Appendix IX. Pakistan, organization chart, planning commission, President's secretariat [p. 701] Appendix X. Turkey's State Planning Organization [p. 702] Works cited [pp. 703-724] Name index [pp. 725-728] Subject index [pp. 729-748]

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