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The political economy of development
This academic site promotes excellence in teaching and researching economics and development, and the advancing of describing, understanding, explaining and theorizing.
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The Developmental StateThe state, civil society and development The neo-liberal state
Structural adjustment Reformas económicas Ajustment structurel
Structural Adjustment Participatory Review Initiative Network  (SAPRIN):
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The Policy Roots of Economic Crisis and Poverty. Full report
A multi-country participatory assessment of structural adjustment.
Executive Summary

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The World Bank Group acknowledges the dramatic social and economic damage caused by its economic policies (mainly structural adjustment programmes) imposed on developing societies in the last 30 years, and launches a new neo-liberal recipe called "development policy lending". Of course, being The World Bank Group the "visible hand" of the big international capital, its new development policy lending looks very much the same old wine in new bottles. Below are the official press releases and papers by the World Bank Group
(Dr. Róbinson Rojas) (August 2004)

..
From Adjustment Lending to Development Policy Support Lending
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Aug 09, 2004 From Adjustment Lending to Development Policy Lending: An Evolution
Aug 09, 2004 Why Development Policy Lending’s Time Has Come
Aug 06, 2004 Development Policy Lending Replaces Adjustment Lending
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The Development Group for Alternative Policies -GAP-
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Follow-Up on SAPRI Participation
Questions for Investigation 2006
International Parliamentarians' Petition 2005 Annual Report
February 2006
Expansion of the World Bank's Power to Impinge on the Economic Sovereignty of Borrower Nations
Memorandum - 2005
World Bank Courts NGOs As Wolfowitz Takes Helm
International Civil-Society Statement - 2005
World Bank Critics Denounce Civil Society Forum
Press Release - 2005
"Critical Mistakes in the Campaign to Support Debt Reduction"
Letter to the editor of the Financial Times - 2004
SAPRIN Letter to President of the World Bank - 2004
"Investigation by Civil Society and World Bank Challenges Structural Adjustment Programs: Publication of the SAPRI Report Highlights Bank's Continued Inaction on Policy Findings"
Summary of Structural Adjustment: The SAPRI Report - April 2004
SAPRIN Letter to the Financial Times 12 March 2004
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Y. Fa
ll: Gender and social dimensiones of IMF policies in Senegal
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Civil Society perspectives on IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment policies
Conditioning Debt relief and Adjustment creates conditions for more debt
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The all too visible hand: a five-country look at the long and destructive reach of the IMF
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R. Hammond: The impact of IMF structural adjustment policies on Tanzanian agriculture
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The IMF files:
IMF reports and publications arranged  by country
The Bretton Woods Project
The Bretton Woods Project works as a networker, information-provider, media informant and watchdog to scrutinise and influence the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Through briefings, reports and the bimonthly digest Bretton Woods Update, it monitors projects, policy reforms and the overall management of the Bretton Woods institutions with special emphasis on environmental and social concerns.
R. van der Hoeven: Poverty and Structural Adjustment. Tradeoffs between equity and growth
 
Structural Adjustment in a Changing World, Briefing paper, 1994, UNRISD
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Structural Adjustment, Global Integration and Social Democracy,
             Dharam Ghai, Discussion Paper No. 37, October 1992, UNRISD
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J.J. Polak: The IMF Monetary Model -40 years
R.Rojas: Fifteen years of monetarism in Latin America. Time to scream
R.Rojas: The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
R.Rojas: Notes on Structural Adjustment Programmes
    IMF: Social Dimensions of the IMF's Policy Dialogue
C. Heredia/M.Purcell: Structural adjustment in Mexico
  P. Vergara: Structural adjustment in Chile
  ODI: Structural adjustment in Ghana
       J. Pender: Structural adjustment in Ghana
WHA: African development and structural adjustment
Structural Adjustment Programmes and Poverty Reduction
M. Ahmed, T. Lane, and M. Schulze Gattes, Refocusing IMF Conditionality, 2001
NIGERIA: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix, 2001
Nigeria Letter of Intent and Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies of the Federal Government for 2000
Nigeria concludes 2001 Article IV consultation with Nigeria
Nigeria and the IMF
Côte d'Ivoire and the IMF
IMF: Country information
World Economic Outlook Database, December 2001
World Economic Outlook Databases
FROM ECLAC:
BRAZIL: structural reforms, macroeconomic fluctuations and income distribution
Indexes of structural reform in Latin America
COLOMBIA: Changes in the distribution of income and the new economic model
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Economic development and the anatomy of crisis in Africa: from colonialism through structural adjustment
By H. Stein - 2000
Africa is mired in a developmental crisis, not the common narrow monetary or financial crisis portrayed in the standard literature but a crisis of a more profound and protracted nature. A developmental crisis refers to the generalized incapacity of an economy to generate the conditions necessary for a sustained improvement in the standard of living. The problem is basically structural in nature. The antecedents lay in the colonial period and in the inability of post-colonial governments to fundamentally transform the economies inherited at independence. While structural adjustment has exacerbated the underlying weaknesses of African economies, its greatest crime is located in its inherent inability to structurally and institutionally transform African economies. The major reason can be found in its roots that lie in neo-classical economic theory with its misplaced emphasis on balancing financial variables in a hypothetical axiomatic world. Adjustment is simply incapable of either assessing the nature of Africa’s problems or putting in place the policies that will put African countries on a trajectory of sustainable development. 1

OUR CONTINENT, OUR FUTURE
African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment

By Thandika Mkandawire and Charles C. Soludo
IDRC/CODESRIA/Africa World Press 1999
ISBN 0-88936-855-4
190 pp.
For decades now, the countries of sub-Saharan Africa have implemented the structural adjustment programs of the Bretton Woods Institutions. The results, however, have been less than sterling. Extreme poverty and underdevelopment continue to plague sub-Saharan Africa, and it is now generally agreed that a new approach is urgently required.

Our Continent, Our Future presents the emerging African perspective on this complex issue. The authors use as background their own extensive experience and a collection of 30 individual studies, 25 of which were from African economists, to summarize this African perspective and articulate a path for the future. They underscore the need to be sensitive to each country's unique history and current condition. They argue for a broader policy agenda and for a much more active role for the state within what is largely a market economy. Finally, they stress that Africa must, and can, compete in an increasingly globalized world and, perhaps most importantly, that Africans must assume the leading role in defining the continent's development agenda.

Our Continent, Our Future is the very first publication to present the African perspective on the Bretton Woods approach to structural adjustment, and it does so with the input and support of top economists and scholars from every corner of Africa. This important book should be read by students, professors, academics, and researchers in development, economics, and African studies; professionals in donor organizations around the world; policymakers in both the governmental and nongovernmental sectors; and all citizens concerned with the future of Africa and issues of sustainable and equitable development.


AFRICAN VOICES ON STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
A Companion to Our Continent, Our Future

Edited by Thandika Mkandawire and Charles C. Soludo

IDRC/CODESRIA/Africa World Press 2002
ISBN 0-88936-888-0
280 pp.
African Voices on Structural Adjustment presents 14 in-depth studies on the history and future of structural adjustment in Africa. Each study appraises the performance of structural adjustment policies (SAPs) with respect to a particular sector or issue. Each evaluates the compatibility of SAPs with the requirements for long-term development in Africa and, most importantly, each presents a truly African perspective. The contributors represent a outstanding collection of leading African economists and development experts.
This volume is intended as a companion to Our Continent, Our Future. It will appeal to students, professors, academics, and researchers in development, economics, and African studies; professionals in donor organizations around the world; and economic policymakers in both the governmental and nongovernmental sectors.


Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo: Informe del Progreso Económico y social de América Latina, 1997
 
DE LA CEPAL:
Chile: La inversión en el sector agroindustrial chileno
Colombia: reformas estructurales, inversión y crecimiento: Colombia durante los años noventa
BRASIL: INVESTIMENTOS NA INDÚSTRIA DEPOIS DA ABERTURA E DO REAL: O MINI-CICLO DE MODERNIZAÇÕES, 1995-1997 
BOLIVIA: INVERSIÓN Y PRODUCTIVIDAD EN EL SECTOR AGRÍCOLA-AGROINDUSTRIAL: CASO DE LA AGRICULTURA COMERCIAL PERÍODO 1985-1998
BOLIVIA: LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES  Y SU IMPACTO SOBRE INVERSIONES
ARGENTINA: LAS INVERSIONES EN LA INDUSTRIA EN LA DÉCADA DE LOS NOVENTA
ARGENTINA: DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL INGRESO

BOLIVIA: REFORMAS, POLÍTICAS SOCIALES Y EQUIDAD

COSTA RICA: REFORMAS ECONÓMICAS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL INGRESO
CHILE: DISTRIBUCIÓN DE INGRESOS Y CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO
PERU: DESIGUALDAD DEL INGRESO Y DEL GASTO ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES
BOLIVIA: REFORMAS, CRECIMIENTO, PROGRESO TÉCNICO Y EMPLEO
CHILE: LAS REFORMAS LABORALES Y SU IMPACTO EN EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO
CHILE: LA CAPACIDAD GENERADORA DE EMPLEO PRODUCTIVO DE LA ECONOMÍA
BRASIL: EMPREGO E PRODUCTIVIDADE NO BRASIL NA DÉCADA DE NOVENTA
MEXICO: EVOLUCIÓN RECIENTE DEL EMPLEO

ARGENTINA: EL MERCADO DE TRABAJO BAJO EL NUEVO RÉGIMEN ECONÓMICO EN ARGENTINA 

PERU: LA DINÁMICA DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES

COSTA RICA: REFORMAS ECONÓMICAS, SECTORES DINÁMICOS Y CALIDAD DE LOS EMPLEOS

PERU: LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES DEL SECTOR ELÉCTRICO Y LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA INVERSIÓN 1992-2000

PERU: LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES EN EL SECTOR MINERO Y LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA INVERSIÓN 1992-2008

PERU: LA INVERSIÓN EN EL SECTOR PETROLERO EN EL PERÍODO 1993-2000

PERU: LA INVERSIÓN EN EL SECTOR DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EN EL PERÍODO 1994-2000
MÉXICO: INVERSIONES EN EL SECTOR AGUA, ALCANTARILLADO Y SANEAMIENTO
MEXICO: LAS CARRETERAS Y EL SISTEMA PORTUARIO FRENTE A LAS REFORMAS ECONÓMICAS
MÉXICO: IMPACTO DE LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES EN LA FORMACIÓN DE CAPITAL DEL SECTOR PETROLERO
MEXICO: IMPACTO DE LA REFORMA ECONÓMICA SOBRE LAS INVERSIONES DE LA INDUSTRIA ELÉCTRICA: EL REGRESO DEL CAPITAL PRIVADO COMO PALANCA DE DESARROLLO 
MEXICO: EL CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES Y LA INVERSIÓN
BOLIVIA: INVERSIÓN Y PRODUCTIVIDAD EN LA INDUSTRIA  DE TELECOMUNICACIONES
BOLIVIA: INVERSIÓN Y PRODUCTIVIDAD EN LA INDUSTRIA DE LA ELECTRICIDAD
CAMBIOS ESTRUCTURALES Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD LABORAL EN LA INDUSTRIA LATINOAMERICANA EN EL PERÍODO 1970-1996
REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES Y COMPORTAMIENTO TECNOLÓGICO: REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LAS FUENTES Y NATURALEZA DEL CAMBIO TECNOLÓGICO EN AMÉRICA LATINA EN LOS AÑOS NOVENTA
 
LOS MERCADOS LABORALES EN AMÉRICA LATINA: SU EVOLUCIÓN EN EL LARGO PLAZO Y SUS TENDENCIAS RECIENTES
LOS RETOS DE LA INSTITUCIONALIDAD LABORAL EN EL MARCO DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA MODALIDAD DE DESARROLLO EN AMÉRICA LATINA

ARGENTINA: DETERMINANTES DE LA INVERSIÓN EN TELECOMUNICACIONES

ARGENTINA: ALGUNOS DETERMINANTES DE LA INVERSIÓN EN SECTORES DE INFRAESTRUCTURA

ARGENTINA: DETERMINANTES DE LA INVERSIÓN EN EL SECTOR PETRÓLEO Y GAS

ARGENTINA: INVERSIONES EN INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL

ARGENTINA: REGULACIÓN E INVERSIONES EN EL SECTOR ELÉCTRICO

CHILE: LAS REFORMAS DEL SECTOR TELECOMUNICACIONES Y EL COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA INVERSIÓN

CHILE: LAS INVERSIONES EN EL SECTOR MINERO 1980-2000

CHILE: LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES Y LA INVERSIÓN PRIVADA EN ÁREAS DE INFRAESTRUCTURA

CHILE: LA GESTIÓN PRIVADA Y LA INVERSIÓN EN EL SECTOR ELÉCTRICO

-------------------------------
Le Monde Diplomatique: Ajustement Structurel
PUBLISHED JANUARY 2004

Structural Adjustment: The SAPRI Report
The Policy Roots of Economic Crisis, Poverty and Inequality
The Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International Network (SAPRIN)
  • A devastating critique of structural adjustment policies in developing countries in both North and South
  • The most deeply researched, bottom-up study of its kind, covering a wide range of economic sectors
  • Undertaken with the World Bank and Southern governments

    Now available from Zed Books! (more information)

    Spanish edition available! (more information)


THE POLICY ROOTS OF economic crisis
and poverty

A Multi-Country Participatory
Assessment of Structural Adjustment

Based on Results of the Joint World Bank/Civil Society/Government
Structural Adjustment Participatory Review Initiative (SAPRI)
and the Citizens' Assessment of Structural Adjustment (CASA)  


LAS POLÍTICAS DE AJUSTE ESTRUCTURAL EN LAS RAÍCES DE LA 
CRISIS ECONÓMICA Y LA POBREZA

Una Evaluación Participativa Multi-Nacional
del Ajuste Estructural

Basado en los Resultados del Ejercicio Conjunto del Banco Mundial/Sociedad Civil/Gobiernos en la Iniciativa para la Revisisn Participativa de las Políticas de Ajuste Estructural (SAPRI) 
y la Evaluación Ciudadana del Ajuste Estructural (CASA)
 


NATIONAL & RESEARCH REPORTS

BANGLADESH  |  ECUADOR  |  EL SALVADOR  |  GHANA 

HUNGARY  |  MEXICO  |  PHILIPPINES  |  UGANDA  | ZIMBABWE

 

BANGLADESH

Initial Draft of the synthesis of SAPRI research, presented at the Second National Forum on 13-15 March 2001 in Dhaka

Bangladesh's Experience with Structural Adjustment: Learning from a Participatory Exercise

Background Papers prepared by researchers and presented at the Second National Forum on 13-15 March 2001 in Dhaka

Impact of Trade Policy Reforms on Industrial Capacity and Employment in Bangladesh

Implications of Financial Sector Reforms

Impact of Reforms in Agricultural Input Markets on Crop Sector Profitability in Bangladesh

Implications of Agricultural Policy Reforms on Rural Food Security and Poverty

Consequences of Structural Adjustment Policies on the Poor

Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies on Women

Impact of Structural Adjustment policies on the Environment in Bangladesh

Governance, Structural Adjustment & the State of Corruption in Bangladesh

Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies: An Assessment Using Participatory Techniques  

 

ECUADOR

Country Report: Ecuador
Informe de Pais: Ecuador

English summaries of research reports - March 2001

The Social and Economic Impacts of Structural Adjustment Policies in Ecuador 1982-1999: Executive Summary

The Social Impact of Basic Social Subsidies in Ecuador 1982-1999: Executive Summary 

Spanish summaries / resúmenes en español - enero 2001

Evaluación de los Impactos Económicos y Sociales de las Políticas de Ajuste Estructural en el Ecuador 1982-1999: Resumen Ejecutivo 

Impacto Social de la Política de Subsidios Sociales Básicos (1982-1999): Versión Resumida

Full reports in Spanish - January 2001 / informes completos en español - enero 2001

Evaluación de los Impactos Económicos y Sociales de las Políticas de Ajuste Estructural en el Ecuador 1982-1999: Informe Final  

Estudio "Impacto Social de la Política de Subsidios Sociales Básicos (1982-1999)"  

 

EL SALVADOR

Executive Summary in Spanish - July 2000 / Resumen Ejecutivo en español - julio 2000

El Impacto de los Programas de Ajuste Estructural y Estabilización Económica en El Salvador: Resumen Ejecutivo

English translation of Executive Summary

The Impact of Economic Stabilization and Structural Adjustment Programs in El Salvador: Executive Summary

Full report in Spanish - December 2000 / informe completo en español - diciembre 2000

El Impacto de los Programas de Ajuste Estructural y Estabilización Económica en El Salvador  

Spanish research summaries - March 2001 / Resúmenes en español - marzo 2001

La Liberalización del Sistema Financiero en El Salvador

La Privatización del Servicio de Energía Elictrica en El Salvador

La Flexibilización del Mercado Laboral en El Salvador

English translation of research summaries

The Liberalization of the Financial System in El Salvador

Privatization of Electricity Distribution in El Salvador

 

GHANA

Ghana Country Report - 25 August 2001

Draft research reports presented at the Second National Forum on 7-9 May 2001 in Accra

Trade Policy and Domestic Manufacturing in Ghana - draft report, April 2001  

Impact of SAP on Availability of and Access to Health Care - draft report, April 2001

Impact of SAP on Access to and Quality of Tertiary Education - draft report, April 2001

Impact of Mining Sector Investment in Ghana: A Study of the Tarkwa Mining Region - draft report, 20 January 2001

 

HUNGARY

Final Country Report, as agreed to by civil society, the government of Hungary and the World Bank - June 2001

Socio-Economic Impact of Structural Adjustment in Hungary

 

MEXICO

Executive Summary - March 2001

Ajuste y Empobrecimiento: Veinte Años de Crisis en México

Adjustment and Poverty: Twenty Years of Crisis in Mexico

Country Report - July 2001 (Spanish only)

¡ Cuanta Bondad ! Veinte Años de Ajuste Estructural en México

PHILIPPINES

Draft reports presented at the Second National Forum on 5-6 April 2001 in Manila

Country Report 

Introduction  

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Labor in the Philippines 

The Impact of Structural Adjustment Programs on Food Security in the Philippines 

The Impact of Investment Liberalization and the Mining Act of 1995 on Indigenous Peoples, Upland Communities and the Rural Poor, and on the Environment 

The Impact of Budget-Related Structural Adjustment on Education and Health-Care Services in the Philippines 

UGANDA

Uganda Country Report

Final research papers - September 2001

Impact of Liberalisation on Agriculture and Food Security in Uganda 1987-2000  

The Privatization Process and its Impact on Society

The Impact of Public-Expenditure Reform on Access to and Quality of Education and Health Care in Uganda

The Differences in Perceptions of Poverty

ZIMBABWE

Research reports presented at the Second National Forum on 9-10 April 2001 in Harare

Liberalisation of Agricultural Markets

Financial Sector Liberalization and the Poor: A Critical Appraisal 

The Impact of Public Expenditure Management under ESAP on Basic Social Services: Health and Education

Trade Liberalisation under Structural Economic Adjustment - Impact on Social Welfare in Zimbabwe

The Labour Market and Economic Development 1980-2000

 

OPENING NATIONAL FORA REPORTS 

Zimbabwe's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 2-3 September 1999

Mali's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 6-7 July 1999

The Philippines's Opening National CASA Forum - 12-13 July 1999

Ecuador's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 14-15 January 1999

Foro Nacional de Apertura de SAPRI en Ecuador - 14-15 enero 1999

Ghana's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 10-13 November 1998

Bangladesh's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 20-22 October 1998

Mexico's Opening National CASA Forum - 24-25 August 1998

El Salvador's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 27-28 August 1998

Uganda's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 18-19 June 1998

Hungary's Opening National SAPRI Forum - 6-7 June 1998


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